PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION, PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC, PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true, // menggunakan koneksi yang persisten ]; try { $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $username, $password1, $options); } catch (PDOException $e) { echo 'Connection failed: ' . $e->getMessage(); exit; } ?>